Olha Martynyuk

In this project late imperial Kiev is viewed as a multiethnic domain within which Ukrainian, Russian, Polish and Jewish national projects were developed through dialogue, marked by contest and imitation, rather than by separate discrete forces. The debate between nationalist groups about the national bourgeoisie, class inequalities, and urban development reveal many social preconditions of the revolution in 1917, which resulted in a physical extermination of most of these movements.